When light (or electrical signals) travels in a guided medium its speed is ~ the same as in free space~ less than in free space~ greater than in free space ~~ What is the usual cause of queueing delay in packet switched networks?~ More than one packet is ready to be sent on a link at a given time~ Links break down and can't be used for awhile~ Packets have to traverse multiple links to get to their destination~ Some packets are more important than other packets and go to the head of the line